All actions are ordered according to utility without regard for blame, obligation or supererogation. This clashes with moral intuitions, so offsetting is created but this causes further issues.
Once you accept that we're evolved creatures in an unplanned universe, I think it becomes obvious that looking for logically "correct" moral foundations is unlikely to bear fruit - there's no reason to think the universe is fair in any sense (other than maybe thermodynamically).
So that leaves us with utilitarianism. You have to start from there and work backward toward toward a "simple-enough" theory (maybe including rights and duties - totally made-up ones that lead to functional results) that human brains can handle. It's never going to be perfect or "correct", nor should we expect it to be. "Pretty good, works pretty well mostly, doesn't produce too many absurd-seeming outcomes" is probably the most we can hope for.
Bentham, Mill, and their successors have taken a stab at it, but I don't know that many who try concede that it's in principle probably impossible and that "good enough" may have to do.
Only skimmed it, but I found it interesting: https://journals.openedition.org/etudes-benthamiennes/192
Once you accept that we're evolved creatures in an unplanned universe, I think it becomes obvious that looking for logically "correct" moral foundations is unlikely to bear fruit - there's no reason to think the universe is fair in any sense (other than maybe thermodynamically).
So that leaves us with utilitarianism. You have to start from there and work backward toward toward a "simple-enough" theory (maybe including rights and duties - totally made-up ones that lead to functional results) that human brains can handle. It's never going to be perfect or "correct", nor should we expect it to be. "Pretty good, works pretty well mostly, doesn't produce too many absurd-seeming outcomes" is probably the most we can hope for.
Bentham, Mill, and their successors have taken a stab at it, but I don't know that many who try concede that it's in principle probably impossible and that "good enough" may have to do.
Um. If you take utilitarianism and logically AND it with a notion of "rights", maybe you're getting somewhere. It's not simple.